Av. Dr. Bil\u00e2l KILIN\u00c7<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cKanunsuz su\u00e7 ve ceza olmaz<\/em>\u201d (nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege<\/em>) hukukun en kadim ilkelerinden olup1<\/a><\/sup>, ceza hukuku bu temel ilke \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselmekte, \u201csu\u00e7<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cceza<\/em>\u201d denildi\u011fi zaman mutlaka kanunda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir tarife ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirgesinin 11 inci maddesi, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 7\u2019nci maddesi, 1982 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n 38 inci maddesi, 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun (TCK) 2\u2019nci maddesi \u201ckanunsuz su\u00e7 ve ceza olmaz<\/em>\u201d ilkesinin pozitif dayanaklar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130nceleme konumuz bak\u0131m\u0131ndan su\u00e7 kategorileri, \u00f6rg\u00fct unsurunun yahut ter\u00f6r amac\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmamas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir su\u00e7un adi su\u00e7, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7 veya ter\u00f6r su\u00e7u olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti bu kapsamdaki \u201csu\u00e7 kategorisinin<\/em>\u201d tespiti anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bu su\u00e7 t\u00fcrleri kendi i\u00e7inde bir\u00e7ok \u201csu\u00e7 tipi<\/em>\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin ter\u00f6r su\u00e7u denildi\u011finde, tek bir su\u00e7 tipi de\u011fil, 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun (TMK) 3 ve 4\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddelerinde say\u0131lan 60\u2019\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n su\u00e7un tamam\u0131, yani bir su\u00e7 kategorisi kastedilmektedir. S\u00f6z gelimi 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun (TCK) 142\u2019nci maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen nitelikli h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7u, baz\u0131 unsur ve \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 halinde ter\u00f6r su\u00e7u vasf\u0131n\u0131 kazanabilecektir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda fail sadece bir \u201ch\u0131rs\u0131z<\/em>\u201d de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201cter\u00f6r su\u00e7lusu<\/em>\u201d olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7luluk kriminolojik2<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0bir kavram olsa da cezaland\u0131r\u0131labilirli\u011fin alan\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131k hareketlerine sirayet ettirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in\u00a0maddi ceza hukuku<\/strong>\u00a0ile \u00e7ok yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir3<\/a><\/sup>. Zira \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7larda fail, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme faaliyetini bir \u201citer criminis<\/em>\u201d olarak kullanmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle adi su\u00e7larda kural olarak haz\u0131rl\u0131k hareketlerinin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131na bir istisna getirilerek \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme faaliyeti cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim TCK\u2019n\u0131n 220\u2019nci maddesinde \u201csu\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma, y\u00f6netme, bu \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olma, \u00fcye olmamakla birlikte yard\u0131m etme su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/em>\u201d d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Yine TCK\u2019n\u0131n 314\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde \u201csilahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc<\/em>\u00a0kurma, y\u00f6netme, bu \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olma, \u00fcye olmamakla birlikte yard\u0131m etme su\u00e7lar\u0131\u201d tarif edilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/em>An\u0131lan kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak bizatihi su\u00e7 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7lar\u0131n soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131<\/strong> farkl\u0131la\u015fmakta, konunun pratik \u00f6nemi \u00f6zellikle cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131nda<\/strong> belirginle\u015fmektedir. Ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrden ve ayn\u0131 s\u00fcreli bir hapis cezas\u0131, su\u00e7 kategorisine g\u00f6re cezaevinde fiilen ge\u00e7irilecek s\u00fcre, ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme oran\u0131 ve denetimli serbestlik imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u00f6ncelikle su\u00e7 kavram\u0131 \u00fczerinde durularak TCK\u2019n\u0131n genel sistemati\u011fi ile su\u00e7lar\u0131n d\u00fczenleni\u015fi \u00fczerinde durulmakta, daha sonra adi su\u00e7-\u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7-ter\u00f6r su\u00e7u ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmakta; ard\u0131ndan bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma usullerindeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar, verilen mahk\u00fbmiyet kararlar\u0131n\u0131n infaz rejimi TCK, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu (CMK) ve 5275 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza ve G\u00fcvenlik Tedbirlerinin \u0130nfaz\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un (CGT\u0130HK) ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ekseninde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Su\u00e7, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen tipik ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 <\/em>bir insan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Bir su\u00e7tan bahsedilebilmesi i\u00e7in \u201csu\u00e7 tarifinin mutlaka kanunda yap\u0131lmas\u0131<\/em>\u201d ve \u201csu\u00e7 tarifindeki insan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131<\/em>\u201d \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Su\u00e7un tipiklik unsuru \u201cmaddi unsurlar (fiil, netice, nedensellik ba\u011f\u0131, fail, ma\u011fdur, konu)<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cmanevi unsurlar (kast, taksir)<\/em>\u201d olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Su\u00e7 tan\u0131m\u0131nda yer alan b\u00fct\u00fcn maddi ve manevi unsurlar\u0131n tam olmas\u0131 gerekir, aksi halde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n su\u00e7 i\u015fledi\u011finden bahsedilemez ve CMK\u2019n\u0131n 223\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a)-(b)-(c) bentlerine g\u00f6re beraat karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekir. Her somut olayda b\u00fct\u00fcn bu unsurlar\u0131n mevcudiyeti titizlikle incelenerek ortaya konulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Su\u00e7un hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k unsuru ise su\u00e7 tan\u0131m\u0131ndaki insan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir hukuk d\u00fczeniyle \u00e7eli\u015fki i\u00e7erisinde bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, su\u00e7un tamam olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, kanunda s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da g\u00f6sterilen hukuka uygunluk nedenlerinden herhangi birisinin bulunmamas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Hukuka uygunluk nedenleri \u201ckanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirme (TCK m. 24\/1)<\/em>\u201d, \u201chukuka uygun emrin ifas\u0131 (TCK m. 24\/2)<\/em>\u201d, \u201cme\u015fru savunma (TCK m. 25\/1)<\/em>\u201d, \u201chakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 (TCK m. 26\/1)<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cilgilinin r\u0131zas\u0131 (TCK m. 26\/2)<\/em>\u201d olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir4<\/a><\/sup>. Somut olayda hukuka uygunluk nedenlerinden herhangi birisi varsa CMK\u2019n\u0131n 223\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (d) bendine g\u00f6re beraat karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hukukumuzda temel ceza kanunu TCK olup, bu kanunun \u201c\u0130kinci Kitap\u201d\u0131 su\u00e7 tiplerini (m. 76-345) d\u00fczenler. \u0130kinci Kitap’\u0131n mimarisi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak su\u00e7la\u00a0korunan hukuki de\u011fere (rechtsgut, legal good)<\/em>5<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0dayan\u0131r ve bu de\u011ferleri bireyden devlete do\u011fru y\u00fckselen bir hiyerar\u015fi i\u00e7inde d\u00fczenler. Birinci K\u0131s\u0131m \u201culuslararas\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/em>\u201d, \u0130kinci K\u0131s\u0131m \u201cki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/em>“, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc K\u0131s\u0131m \u201ctopluma kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/em>“, D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc K\u0131s\u0131m ise “millete ve devlete kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/em>\u201d kapsar. Kanun koyucunun bu s\u0131ralamas\u0131 tesad\u00fcfi de\u011fil, bir de\u011fer tercihinin yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fte bu noktada giri\u015fte ortaya koydu\u011fumuz “su\u00e7 kategorisi<\/em>” ile “su\u00e7 tipi<\/em>” ayr\u0131m\u0131 belirleyici h\u00e2le gelir. TCK’n\u0131n \u0130kinci Kitab\u0131 yaln\u0131zca su\u00e7 tiplerini<\/em> korunan hukuki de\u011fere g\u00f6re s\u0131ralar; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k adi su\u00e7, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7 ve ter\u00f6r su\u00e7u birer su\u00e7 kategorisi<\/em> olup kanunun bu sistemati\u011finde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir k\u0131s\u0131m veya b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak yer almaz. \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7un genel d\u00fczenlemesi (TCK m. 220) topluma kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda, “Kamu Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>” b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde; silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc (TCK m. 314) ise \u201cAnayasal D\u00fczene ve Bu D\u00fczenin \u0130\u015fleyi\u015fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde konumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ayn\u0131 su\u00e7 kategorisi, kanunun farkl\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Adi su\u00e7<\/strong>, herhangi bir \u00f6rg\u00fctsel yap\u0131 veya ter\u00f6r amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maks\u0131z\u0131n i\u015flenen ve genel ceza rejimine t\u00e2bi olan su\u00e7tur. Baz\u0131 istisnalar\u0131 bulunmakla birlikte, adi su\u00e7lar\u0131n soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ile infaz\u0131 genel muhakeme ve infaz kurallar\u0131na t\u00e2bidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7luluk<\/strong>, ceza hukukunun en tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 \u00fcst kavramlar\u0131ndan biridir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc failin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeyi bir su\u00e7 yolu (iter criminis<\/em>) olarak kullanmas\u0131, kanun koyucuyu haz\u0131rl\u0131k hareketlerinin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 ilkesine istisna getirmeye zorlar. Aslen kriminolojik bir kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131rma olan \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7luluk, s\u0131radan su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini de ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini de ve bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alan bir \u015femsiyedir. Onu adi su\u00e7luluktan ay\u0131ran \u015fey, geli\u015fig\u00fczel ve plans\u0131z eylem de\u011fil,\u00a0etkili bir \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck<\/em>\u00a0halidir6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu olgunun ceza hukukuna bakan y\u00fcz\u00fc ise su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri<\/strong>dir. T\u00fcrk pozitif hukuku bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeyi kademeli bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. En genel halka TCK\u2019n\u0131n 220\u2019nci maddesindeki su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7udur. Bu maddede herhangi bir \u00f6zel ama\u00e7 veya belirli bir su\u00e7 aranmaz; yaln\u0131zca kanunun su\u00e7 sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiilleri i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla en az \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015finin, ama\u00e7 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemeye elveri\u015fli bir ara\u00e7-gere\u00e7 ve \u00fcye yap\u0131s\u0131yla bir araya gelmesi yeterlidir. \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn silahl\u0131 olmas\u0131 su\u00e7un unsuru de\u011fildir. Bu yap\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7lulu\u011fun \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturan ve \u00fczerine daha a\u011f\u0131r \u00f6rg\u00fct tiplerinin in\u015fa edildi\u011fi temel kategoridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu kademelenmenin en \u00fcst ve en a\u011f\u0131r basama\u011f\u0131nda\u00a0ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc<\/strong>\u00a0yer al\u0131r. Ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc hi\u00e7bir kanunda do\u011frudan tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. TMK\u2019n\u0131n 7\u2019nci maddesi, TCK\u2019n\u0131n 314\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesindeki silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct su\u00e7una at\u0131f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu at\u0131f, yaln\u0131zca cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131ma de\u011fil,\u00a0su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131na<\/em>ili\u015fkindir. Ayr\u0131ca TCK\u2019n\u0131n 314\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi ayn\u0131 zamanda at\u0131f yapan bir \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir ve TCK 220\u2019nci maddesindeki h\u00fck\u00fcmler silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da uygulan\u0131r. Ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc genel su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnden ay\u0131ran as\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct ama\u00e7 unsurudur. Ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnde ekonomik gelir elde etmek nihai ama\u00e7 de\u011fildir. Bu tip \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin ama\u00e7lar\u0131 siyasidir. Zaten TCK\u2019n\u0131n 314\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde, silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn daha \u00e7ok siyasi y\u00f6n\u00fc \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cDevletin G\u00fcvenli\u011fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cAnayasal D\u00fczene ve Bu D\u00fczenin \u0130\u015fleyi\u015fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d\u0131n i\u015flenmesi amac\u0131yla kurulabilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zetle ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctleri TMK\u2019n\u0131n 1 inci maddesindeki ama\u00e7larla hareket etmeli ve y\u00f6ntemleri kullanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kimi zaman “siyasi mafya<\/em>” olarak da nitelenir7<\/a><\/sup>. T\u00fcrk hukukunda silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in; 1) En az \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi, 2) mensuplar aras\u0131nda hiyerar\u015fi, 3) cebir-\u015fiddet y\u00f6ntemi, 4) TMK m. 1’deki siyasi ama\u00e7 ve saik, 5) ama\u00e7 su\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemeye yeterli silahl\u0131 elveri\u015flilik, 6) devaml\u0131l\u0131k unsurlar\u0131 birlikte aran\u0131r. TCK\u2019n\u0131n 314\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kurma, y\u00f6netme, bu \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olma ve yard\u0131m su\u00e7lar\u0131 hem bir ter\u00f6r su\u00e7u hem de \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir su\u00e7tur. Unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki, bir yap\u0131n\u0131n ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc oldu\u011funun tespiti ancak bu unsurlar\u0131n ortaya konulmas\u0131yla ve yarg\u0131 karar\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130dari kararlarla bir \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya konulamaz. Kanunilik ilkesinin (nulla poena sine lege stricta<\/em>) gere\u011fi olarak bu alanda k\u0131yas yap\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n TMK\u2019da ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n hangileri oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131 mutlak ve nispi olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Mutlak ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>(TMK m. 3), TCK’n\u0131n 302, 307, 309, 310\/1, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315 ve 320. maddelerindeki su\u00e7lard\u0131r; mahiyetleri ter\u00f6r olgusuyla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fi i\u00e7in bunlarda TMK\u2019n\u0131n 1 inci maddesindeki ama\u00e7, y\u00f6ntem veya ba\u015fkaca bir \u015fart aranmaz, bunlar do\u011frudan ter\u00f6r su\u00e7u olarak kabul edilirler.\u00a0Nispi ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0(TMK m. 4) ise ancak bir ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ve TMK\u2019n\u0131n 1 inci maddesindeki ama\u00e7 ve y\u00f6ntemlerle i\u015flendi\u011finde ter\u00f6r su\u00e7una d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr; aksi halde adi su\u00e7 olarak kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Su\u00e7 kategorisindeki farkl\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n ilk pratik sonucu muhakeme a\u015famas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Adi su\u00e7larda ola\u011fan soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma usul\u00fc uygulan\u0131rken, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc ve ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131nda hem koruma tedbirleri hem de muhakeme kurumlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir rejim devreye girer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u00f6revli Mahkeme: <\/strong>5235 say\u0131l\u0131 Adli Yarg\u0131 \u0130lk Derece Mahkemeleri ile B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemelerinin Kurulu\u015f, G\u00f6rev ve Yetkileri Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun 12\u2019nci maddesi uyar\u0131nca, TMK\u2019da belirtilen ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131 ile TCK\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen \u201cDevletin G\u00fcvenli\u011fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d, \u201cAnayasal D\u00fczene ve Bu D\u00fczenin \u0130\u015fleyi\u015fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d, \u201cMilli Savunmaya Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d (318, 319, 324, 325 inci maddeler hari\u00e7)<\/em> ve \u201cDevlet S\u0131rlar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar ve Casusluk<\/em>\u201d (332\u2019nci madde hari\u00e7)<\/em> su\u00e7lar\u0131na A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemeleri bakacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u00f6zalt\u0131 S\u00fcresi: <\/strong>G\u00f6zalt\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan CMK\u2019n\u0131n 91 inci maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 genel s\u00fcreyi belirlerken, ayn\u0131 maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re toplu olarak i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcresinin, her defas\u0131nda bir g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle uzat\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verebilir. Ter\u00f6r su\u00e7u mevzubahis ise ayn\u0131 maddenin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 uygulama alan\u0131 bulabilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tutuklama:<\/strong> CMK\u2019n\u0131n 100\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 kuvvetli su\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesi h\u00e2linde tutuklama nedeninin var say\u0131labilece\u011fi katalog su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/em> saymaktad\u0131r. F\u0131kran\u0131n 10 uncu bendinde su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma ve y\u00f6netme su\u00e7unda (TCK m. 220) tutuklama nedeninin var say\u0131labilece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Dikkat edilmelidir ki \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcyelik ve \u00f6rg\u00fct i\u00e7indeki hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131ya dahil olmamakla birlikte, \u00f6rg\u00fcte bilerek ve isteyerek yard\u0131m etme su\u00e7lar\u0131 bu kapsam\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 maddenin 11 inci bendine g\u00f6re \u201cDevletin G\u00fcvenli\u011fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d (TCK m. 302, 303, 304, 307, 308), 12\u2019nci bendine g\u00f6re \u201cAnayasal D\u00fczene ve Bu D\u00fczenin \u0130\u015fleyi\u015fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d (TCK m. 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315) mevzubahis oldu\u011funda da tutukluluk nedeni varsay\u0131labilecektir. Bu d\u00fczenlemeler, tutuklulu\u011fa karar verilmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca CMK\u2019n\u0131n 102\u2019nci maddesinde azami tutukluluk s\u00fcreleri d\u00fczenlenmektedir. An\u0131lan maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u201cDevletin G\u00fcvenli\u011fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d, \u201cAnayasal D\u00fczene ve Bu D\u00fczenin \u0130\u015fleyi\u015fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d, \u201cMilli Savunmaya Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cDevlet S\u0131rlar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar ve Casusluk<\/em>\u201d su\u00e7lar\u0131 ile ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131 mevzubahis oldu\u011funda azami tutukluluk s\u00fcresi 5 y\u0131l olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Koruma Tedbirleri:<\/strong> CMK\u2019n\u0131n 128 inci maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara, hak ve alacaklara el koyma koruma tedbirinin uygulanabilece\u011fi katalog su\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u, \u201cDevletin G\u00fcvenli\u011fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d, \u201cAnayasal D\u00fczene ve Bu D\u00fczenin \u0130\u015fleyi\u015fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cDevlet S\u0131rlar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar ve Casusluk<\/em>\u201d su\u00e7lar\u0131 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. CMK\u2019n\u0131n 133\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen \u015firket y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in kayy\u0131m tayini koruma tedbirinin uygulanabilece\u011fi su\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda silahl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct su\u00e7u say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. CMK\u2019n\u0131n 135 inci maddesi kapsam\u0131nda ileti\u015fimin dinlemesi, kayda al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve sinyal bilgilerinin de\u011ferlendirilmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u ile \u201cAnayasal D\u00fczene ve Bu D\u00fczenin \u0130\u015fleyi\u015fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cDevlet S\u0131rlar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar ve Casusluk<\/em>\u201d su\u00e7lar\u0131nda da uygulanabilecektir. CMK\u2019n\u0131n 139 uncu maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen gizli soru\u015fturmac\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirilmesi koruma tedbiri ile CMK\u2019n\u0131n 140 \u0131nc\u0131 maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen teknik ara\u00e7larla izleme koruma tedbiri su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma ve silahl\u0131 ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc su\u00e7unda uygulanabilecektir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7luluk mevzu bahis oldu\u011funda, nitelikleri itibariyle ki\u015fi hak ve h\u00fcrriyetleri \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furan koruma tedbirlerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Duru\u015fmadaki M\u00fcdafi Say\u0131s\u0131: <\/strong>CMK\u2019n\u0131n 149 uncu maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u00d6rg\u00fct faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen kovu\u015fturmalarda, duru\u015fmada en \u00e7ok \u00fc\u00e7 avukat haz\u0131r bulunabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k Karar\u0131: <\/strong>CMK\u2019n\u0131n 153\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, m\u00fcdafi, soru\u015fturma evresinde dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fini inceleyebilir ve istedi\u011fi belgelerin bir \u00f6rne\u011fini har\u00e7s\u0131z olarak alabilir. Ayn\u0131 maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda say\u0131lan katalog su\u00e7lar s\u00f6z konusu ise m\u00fcdafi dosyay\u0131 inceleme ve belgelerden \u00f6rnek alma hakk\u0131na k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirilebilir. Bu su\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurma su\u00e7u ile baz\u0131 ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131 say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00fcdafi ile G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme Yasa\u011f\u0131: <\/strong>CMK\u2019n\u0131n 154\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphelinin m\u00fcdafi ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme hakk\u0131 Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n istemi \u00fczerine, h\u00e2kim karar\u0131yla yirmi d\u00f6rt saat s\u00fcreyle k\u0131s\u0131tlanabilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kamu Davas\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n Ertelenmesi: <\/strong>Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7lar\u0131 ile \u00f6rg\u00fct faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar\u0131n soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131nca kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ertelenemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Su\u00e7 kategorisindeki fark\u0131n en belirgin ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir sonucu infaz a\u015famas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. CGT\u0130HK’n\u0131n 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesine g\u00f6re, infaz\u0131n amac\u0131 genel ve \u00f6zel \u00f6nleme, toplumun korunmas\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn yeniden sosyalle\u015fmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n CGT\u0130HK’n\u0131n 24\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinde h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcler, a) ilk defa su\u00e7 i\u015fleyenler, m\u00fckerrirler, itiyad\u00ee su\u00e7lular veya su\u00e7 i\u015flemeyi meslek edinenler, b) akl\u00ee ve bedensel durumlar\u0131 nedeniyle veya ya\u015flar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla \u00f6zel bir infaz rejimine t\u00e2bi tutulmas\u0131 gerekenler, c) tehlike h\u00e2li ta\u015f\u0131yanlar, d) ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lular\u0131, e) su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine veya \u00e7\u0131kar ama\u00e7l\u0131 su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine mensup olan su\u00e7lular <\/strong>gibi gruplara ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lular\u0131 ile su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine veya \u00e7\u0131kar ama\u00e7l\u0131 su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine mensup olan su\u00e7lular \u00f6zel olarak grupland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ceza \u0130nfaz Kurumunun T\u00fcr\u00fc Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan:<\/strong> CGT\u0130HK\u2019n\u0131n 9 uncu maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, s\u00fcresine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununda yer alan; a) \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan (madde 77, 78), b) Kasten \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan (madde 81, 82), c) Uyu\u015fturucu veya uyar\u0131c\u0131 madde imal ve ticareti su\u00e7undan (madde 188), d) Devletin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan (madde 302, 303, 304, 307, 308), e) Anayasal d\u00fczene ve bu d\u00fczenin i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lardan (madde 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315) mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n cezalar\u0131, y\u00fcksek g\u00fcvenlikli ceza infaz kurumlar\u0131nda infaz edilir. Y\u00fcksek g\u00fcvenlikli kapal\u0131 ceza infaz kurumlar\u0131, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerine sahip, firara kar\u015f\u0131 teknik, mekanik, elektronik ve fizik\u00ee engellerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, oda ve koridor kap\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli kapal\u0131 tutulan, ancak mevzuat\u0131n belirtti\u011fi h\u00e2llerde ayn\u0131 oda d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcler aras\u0131nda ve d\u0131\u015f \u00e7evre ile temaslar\u0131n ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu s\u0131k\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik rejimine t\u00e2bi h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin bir veya \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015filik odalarda bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 tesislerdir. Bu kurumlarda bireysel veya grup h\u00e2linde iyile\u015ftirme y\u00f6ntemleri uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cezan\u0131n Do\u011frudan A\u00e7\u0131k Ceza \u0130nfaz Kurumunda \u0130nfaz Edilmesi: <\/strong>CGT\u0130HK\u2019n\u0131n 14\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re; a) baz\u0131 istisnalar\u0131 bulunmakla birlikte kas\u0131tl\u0131 su\u00e7lardan toplam \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l veya daha az hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olanlar, b)Taksirli su\u00e7lardan toplam be\u015f y\u0131l veya daha az s\u00fcreyle hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olanlar, c) Adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131 infaz s\u00fcrecinde hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7evrilenler, d) 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu gere\u011fince tazyik hapsine tabi tutulanlar\u0131n cezalar\u0131 do\u011frudan a\u00e7\u0131k ceza infaz kurumlar\u0131nda yerine getirilir. Ancak ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak, y\u00f6netmek veya \u00f6rg\u00fcte \u00fcye olmak su\u00e7lar\u0131 ile \u00f6rg\u00fct faaliyeti kapsam\u0131nda i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar <\/strong>ve cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olanlar ile ikinci defa m\u00fckerrir olanlar ve ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme karar\u0131n\u0131n geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 nedeniyle cezas\u0131 aynen infaz edilenler bu h\u00fck\u00fcmden yararlanamazlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ko\u015fullu Sal\u0131verilme Oranlar\u0131:<\/strong> CGT\u0130HK\u2019n\u0131n 107\u2019nci maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f olanlar otuz y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f olanlar yirmi d\u00f6rt y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer s\u00fcreli hapis cezalar\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f olanlar cezalar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>n\u0131 infaz kurumunda \u00e7ektikleri takdirde, ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilmeden yararlanabilirler. F\u0131kran\u0131n devam\u0131nda, baz\u0131 su\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme s\u00fcrelerine daha y\u00fcksek oranlar\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak veya y\u00f6netmek ya da \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar ile TMK kapsam\u0131na giren su\u00e7lardan mahk\u00fbm olan \u00e7ocuklar hakk\u0131nda<\/strong> ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme oran\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7te iki<\/strong> olarak uygulan\u0131r. TMK\u2019n\u0131n 17\u2019nci maddesi uyar\u0131nca ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan s\u00fcreli hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olan yeti\u015fkinlerde<\/strong> bu oran d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7<\/strong> olarak uygulan\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, su\u00e7 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak veya y\u00f6netmek ya da \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00e2linde; a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f olanlar otuz alt\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f olanlar otuz y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131, s\u00fcreli hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015f olanlar cezalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisini infaz kurumunda \u00e7ektikleri takdirde, ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilmeden yararlanabilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Maddenin on alt\u0131nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, TCK\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen “Devletin G\u00fcvenli\u011fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>“, “Anayasal D\u00fczene ve Bu D\u00fczenin \u0130\u015fleyi\u015fine Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d, “Milli Savunmaya Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar<\/em>\u201d\u0131n bir \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenmesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00e2linde, ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmaz.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6te yandan CGT\u0130HK\u2019n\u0131n Ge\u00e7ici 2\u2019nci maddesi uyar\u0131nca, 14.7.2004 tarihli ve 5218 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 1 inci maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015fik 3.8.2002 tarihli ve 4771 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7e\u015fitli Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Kanunla; \u00f6l\u00fcm cezalar\u0131, m\u00fcebbet a\u011f\u0131r hapis cezas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lular\u0131 <\/strong>ile \u00f6l\u00fcm cezalar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet a\u011f\u0131r hapis cezas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen veya a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet a\u011f\u0131r hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbm olan ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lular\u0131, ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden yararlanamaz. Bunlar hakk\u0131nda, a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet a\u011f\u0131r hapis cezas\u0131, hayat\u0131 boyunca devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Denetimli Serbestlik: <\/strong>CGT\u0130HK\u2019n\u0131n 105\/A maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya uyumlar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, aileleriyle ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmelerini ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmelerini temin etmek amac\u0131yla, a\u00e7\u0131k ceza infaz kurumunda veya \u00e7ocuk e\u011fitim evinde bulunan ve ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilmesine bir y\u0131l veya daha az s\u00fcre kalan iyi h\u00e2lli h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin<\/strong> talebi h\u00e2linde, cezalar\u0131n\u0131n ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme tarihine kadar olan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n denetimli serbestlik tedbiri uygulanmak suretiyle infaz\u0131na<\/strong>, ceza infaz kurumu idaresince haz\u0131rlanan de\u011ferlendirme raporu dikkate al\u0131narak, h\u00fckm\u00fcn infaz\u0131na ili\u015fkin i\u015flemleri yapan Cumhuriyet ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer infaz h\u00e2kimi taraf\u0131ndan karar verilebilir. Ayn\u0131 kanunun Ge\u00e7ici 6\u2019nc\u0131 maddesi uyar\u0131nca, 30\/3\/2020 tarihine kadar i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201cbir y\u0131l<\/em>\u201dl\u0131k s\u00fcre, \u201c\u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l<\/em><\/strong>\u201d olarak uygulan\u0131r. Ancak bu s\u00fcre Ge\u00e7ici 6\u2019nc\u0131 maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k d\u00fczenlemesi uyar\u0131nca, ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131nda 1 y\u0131l<\/strong> olarak uygulanacakt\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn bu infaz usul\u00fcnden yararlanabilmesi i\u00e7in be\u015f g\u00fcnden az olmamak \u00fczere ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme tarihine kadar ceza infaz kurumunda ge\u00e7irmesi gereken s\u00fcrenin en az onda birini ceza infaz kurumunda ge\u00e7irmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. En az be\u015f g\u00fcn ve onda bir kural\u0131, CGT\u0130HK\u2019n\u0131n Ge\u00e7ici 11 inci maddesi uyar\u0131nca, 04\/06\/2025 tarihinden \u00f6nce i\u015flenen su\u00e7lara uygulanmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n CGT\u0130HK\u2019n\u0131n 105\/A maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, denetimli serbestlikten, a) s\u0131f\u0131r-alt\u0131 ya\u015f grubunda \u00e7ocu\u011fu bulunan ve ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilmesine iki y\u0131l veya daha az s\u00fcre kalan<\/strong> kad\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcler, b) Maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir hastal\u0131k, engellilik veya kocama nedeniyle hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z idame ettiremeyen ve ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilmesine \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l veya daha az s\u00fcre kalan<\/strong> h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcler, di\u011fer \u015fartlar\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 h\u00e2linde yararlanabilirler. A\u011f\u0131r hastal\u0131k, engellilik veya kocama h\u00e2li, Adl\u00ee T\u0131p Kurumundan al\u0131nan veya Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca belirlenen tam te\u015fekk\u00fcll\u00fc hastanelerin sa\u011fl\u0131k kurullar\u0131nca d\u00fczenlenip Adl\u00ee T\u0131p Kurumunca onaylanan bir raporla belgelendirilmelidir. Ayn\u0131 kanunun Ge\u00e7ici 6 nc\u0131 maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, 30\/3\/2020 tarihine kadar i\u015flenen su\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, a) S\u0131f\u0131r-alt\u0131 ya\u015f grubu \u00e7ocu\u011fu bulunan kad\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcler ile yetmi\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcler hakk\u0131nda 105\/A maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u201ciki y\u0131l<\/em>\u201dl\u0131k s\u00fcre, \u201cd\u00f6rt y\u0131l<\/strong>\u201d olarak uygulan\u0131r. b) Maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir hastal\u0131k, engellilik veya kocama nedeniyle hayat\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131z idame ettiremeyen altm\u0131\u015f be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fclerin ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilmeleri i\u00e7in ceza infaz kurumlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7irmeleri gereken s\u00fcreler, azami s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n 105\/A maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen denetimli serbestlik tedbiri uygulanmak suretiyle infaz edilebilir. Ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131nda Ge\u00e7ici 6\u2019nc\u0131 madde uygulama alan\u0131 bulmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00fckerrirlere \u00d6zg\u00fc Rejim:<\/strong> Tekerr\u00fcr, su\u00e7 kategorisinden veya tipinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bi\u00e7imde infaz\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131ran ayr\u0131 bir de\u011fi\u015fkendir. Nitekim CGT\u0130HK\u2019n\u0131n 108 inci maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, tekerr\u00fcr h\u00e2linde i\u015flenen su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 mahk\u00fbm olunan; <\/sup>a) A\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n otuz dokuz y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n, b) M\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n otuz \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n, c) (Ek:14\/4\/2020-7242\/49 md.)<\/strong> Birden fazla s\u00fcreli hapis cezas\u0131na mahk\u00fbmiyet h\u00e2linde en fazla otuz iki y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n, d) S\u00fcreli hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin<\/strong>, \u0130nfaz kurumunda iyi h\u00e2lli olarak \u00e7ekilmesi durumunda, ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilmeden yararlan\u0131labilir. Ancak, ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme oran\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7te ikiden fazla olan su\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tabi olduklar\u0131 ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme oran\u0131 uygulan\u0131r. <\/strong>G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, bu kurallar m\u00fckerrirlere \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak TCK\u2019n\u0131n 58 inci maddesinin 9 uncu f\u0131kras\u0131nda, \u201cM\u00fckerrirlere \u00f6zg\u00fc infaz rejiminin ve cezan\u0131n infaz\u0131ndan sonra denetimli serbestlik tedbirinin, itiyadi su\u00e7lu, su\u00e7u meslek edinen ki\u015fi veya \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu su\u00e7lu hakk\u0131nda da uygulanmas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilir.<\/em>\u201d Denilmektedir. Bu \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00f6rg\u00fct mensubu su\u00e7lu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya m\u00fckerrirlere \u00f6zg\u00fc infaz rejiminin uygulanmas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n CGT\u0130HK\u2019n\u0131n 59\/5, 63\/3, 68\/3, 68\/5, 83\/4, 89\/3 maddelerinde ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lular\u0131 ile \u00f6rg\u00fct su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan mahk\u00fbm olanlar\u0131n baz\u0131 haklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hapis cezas\u0131, modern ceza hukukunun bedene y\u00f6nelen cezadan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe y\u00f6nelen cezaya ge\u00e7i\u015finin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr; cezaland\u0131rman\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezini bedenden zamana, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ac\u0131dan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck yoksunlu\u011funa kayd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ne var ki bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011fu gibi, hapis cezas\u0131 salt bir miktardan<\/em> (y\u0131l) ibaret de\u011fildir; ayn\u0131 zamanda bir nitelik<\/em> (rejim) ta\u015f\u0131r. Nitekim infaz\u0131n yasal amac\u0131 (CGT\u0130HK m. 3) \u2014 genel ve \u00f6zel \u00f6nleme, toplumun korunmas\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn yeniden sosyalle\u015fmesi \u2014 cezan\u0131n bir kefaret mi yoksa bir toplumsal savunma ve \u0131slah arac\u0131 m\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kadim felsefi tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n pozitif hukuktaki izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Cezan\u0131n anlam\u0131, h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 an de\u011fil, infaz\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre boyunca belirginle\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fte bu noktada adi su\u00e7-\u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc su\u00e7-ter\u00f6r su\u00e7u ayr\u0131m\u0131, yaln\u0131zca kuramsal bir tasnif de\u011fil, failin hukuki kaderini belirleyen pratik bir e\u015fik olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma boyunca g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi \u00fczere, ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr ve ayn\u0131 s\u00fcreli<\/em> bir hapis cezas\u0131, su\u00e7 kategorisine g\u00f6re soru\u015fturmadan infaza kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle farkl\u0131 bir rejime t\u00e2bidir. \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc ve ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131nda soru\u015fturma evresi a\u011f\u0131rla\u015f\u0131r, g\u00f6zalt\u0131 s\u00fcreleri uzar, katalog su\u00e7larda tutuklama nedeni var say\u0131larak \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckten yoksun b\u0131rakma kolayla\u015f\u0131r, ki\u015fi hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerine derin bi\u00e7imde m\u00fcdahale eden koruma tedbirleri (el koyma, kayy\u0131m, ileti\u015fimin denetlenmesi, gizli soru\u015fturmac\u0131, teknik izleme) devreye girer, hatta m\u00fcdafi ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ve dosya inceleme haklar\u0131 dahi k\u0131s\u0131tlanabilir. Bu a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fma infaz evresinde doru\u011fa ula\u015f\u0131r, y\u00fcksek g\u00fcvenlikli kuruma yerle\u015ftirme, ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme oran\u0131n\u0131n 1\/2’den 2\/3’e ve ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131nda 3\/4’e y\u00fckselmesi, a\u00e7\u0131k kuruma ayr\u0131lma ile denetimli serbestlik imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n daralmas\u0131 veya t\u00fcm\u00fcyle kapanmas\u0131. B\u00f6ylece h\u00fck\u00fcmdeki nominal e\u015fitlik<\/em>, infazdaki maddi e\u015fitsizli\u011fe<\/em> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr; cezan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerindeki s\u00fcre de\u011fil, su\u00e7 kategorisidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu maddi e\u015fitsizli\u011fin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 somut mek\u00e2n ise cezaevidir. Su\u00e7 kategorisindeki farkl\u0131la\u015fma, h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc i\u00e7in k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerindeki bir ko\u015fullu sal\u0131verilme oran\u0131ndan ibaret kalmaz; \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bamba\u015fka bir mek\u00e2nda, y\u00fcksek g\u00fcvenlikli kurumun bir veya \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015filik odas\u0131nda, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyayla temas\u0131 asgariye indirilmi\u015f bir rejim alt\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen bir hayata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. \u0130nfaz\u0131n kanunla \u00e7izilen amac\u0131 (CGT\u0130HK m. 3) h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn yeniden sosyalle\u015fmesi oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, as\u0131l s\u0131nav da burada verilir. A\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenlik rejimi, \u0131slah ve topluma yeniden kazand\u0131rma hedefini g\u00f6lgede b\u0131rakacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bir tecrit ve etkisizle\u015ftirmeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, cezaevi bir yeniden kazand\u0131rma kurumu olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p salt bir muhafaza ayg\u0131t\u0131na indirgenir. Oysa bir hukuk d\u00fczeninin olgunlu\u011fu, en a\u011f\u0131r su\u00e7luyu dahi nas\u0131l muhafaza etti\u011finde de\u011fil; onu insan onurunu koruyarak ve topluma d\u00f6nme umudunu b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeden nas\u0131l \u0131slah etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr h\u00e2le gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu farkl\u0131la\u015fma elbette keyfi de\u011fildir. \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bireysel su\u00e7a k\u0131yasla devlet ve toplum i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek ve s\u00fcreklilik arz eden tehdidi g\u00f6zeten bilin\u00e7li bir de\u011fer tercihinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu rejim, yaln\u0131zca kanunilik ilkesine (nulla poena sine lege stricta<\/em>) s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde me\u015fruiyet ta\u015f\u0131r. Bir yap\u0131n\u0131n ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc niteli\u011fi idari kararla de\u011fil ancak yarg\u0131 karar\u0131yla saptanabilir ve bu alanda k\u0131yas yasa\u011f\u0131na titizlikle uyulmas\u0131 gerekir. Aksi halde g\u00fcvenlik m\u00fclahazas\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ezer. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck-g\u00fcvenlik dengesi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck aleyhine bozulur. Bu nedenle su\u00e7 kategorileri aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m\u0131n as\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc cezan\u0131n sertli\u011fi de\u011fil; tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirli\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Modern ceza hukukunun \u00f6nemli ismi Cesare Beccaria’n\u0131n iki bu\u00e7uk as\u0131r \u00f6nce dile getirdi\u011fi kriter, bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6nemlidir. Beccaria’ya g\u00f6re cezay\u0131 cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 k\u0131lan onun \u015fiddeti de\u011fil, kesinli\u011fi ve ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r; me\u015fru olan ceza, su\u00e7lar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla orant\u0131l\u0131 ve yasalar taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmi\u015f oland\u0131r[9]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc ve ter\u00f6r su\u00e7lar\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f soru\u015fturma ve infaz rejimleri de ancak bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcye, tecrite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeyen bir orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, kanunili\u011fe, adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 ile silahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesine sad\u0131k kal\u0131narak icra edilen ceza muhakemesi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde me\u015fruiyet ta\u015f\u0131yacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ARTUK, M. Emin \/ G\u00d6KCEN, Ahmet \/ AL\u015eAH\u0130N, M. Emin \/ \u00c7AKIR, Kerim: Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/em>, 15. Bas\u0131, Ankara: Adalet Yay\u0131nevi, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n BECCARIA, Cesare: Su\u00e7lar ve Cezalar Hakk\u0131nda<\/em>, \u00e7ev. Sami Sel\u00e7uk, Ankara: \u0130mge Kitabevi, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n BOZ, Burak: “T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukukunda Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00dcye Olma Su\u00e7u”, Ankara Sosyal Bilimler \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi<\/em>, C. 2, S. 1, 2020, s. 150 vd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n DUBBER, Markus: “Theories of Crime and Punishment in German Criminal Law”, American Journal of Comparative Law<\/em>, Vol. 53, No. 3, 2006, s. 682 vd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n HELVACI, Serap \/ TOPUZ, Murat: Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00d6zdeyi\u015flerle Hukukun Kadim \u0130lkeleri (\u015eerhli-\u0130\u00e7tihatl\u0131)<\/em>, 3. Bask\u0131, Ankara: Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nevi, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n KILIN\u00c7, Bil\u00e2l: Ter\u00f6rizmin Finansman\u0131 Su\u00e7u ve Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 De\u011ferlerinin Dondurulmas\u0131<\/em>, Ankara: Adalet Yay\u0131nevi, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n KOCASAKAL, \u00dcmit: “Organize Su\u00e7lulu\u011fun Tan\u0131m\u0131, \u00d6zellikleri ve Kapsam\u0131”, Galatasaray \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi<\/em>, C. 1, S. 1, 2002, s. 130 vd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6ZGEN\u00c7, \u0130zzet: Su\u00e7 \u00d6rg\u00fctleri<\/em>, Ankara: Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nevi, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n TURINAY, Faruk Y.: Ceza Hukukunda Ter\u00f6r Amac\u0131yla \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme Su\u00e7u<\/em>, Ankara: Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nevi, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1982 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu (TCK).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu (CMK).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5275 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza ve G\u00fcvenlik Tedbirlerinin \u0130nfaz\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun (CGT\u0130HK).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3713 say\u0131l\u0131 Ter\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Kanunu (TMK).<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5235 say\u0131l\u0131 Adl\u00ee Yarg\u0131 \u0130lk Derece Mahkemeleri ile B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemelerinin Kurulu\u015f, G\u00f6rev ve Yetkileri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4771 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7e\u015fitli Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5218 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6l\u00fcm Cezas\u0131n\u0131n Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirgesi.Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Av. Dr. Bil\u00e2l KILIN\u00c7 1- Giri\u015f \u201cKanunsuz su\u00e7 ve ceza olmaz\u201d (nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege) hukukun en kadim ilkelerinden olup, ceza hukuku bu temel ilke \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselmekte, \u201csu\u00e7\u201d ve \u201cceza\u201d denildi\u011fi zaman mutlaka kanunda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir tarife ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirgesinin 11 inci maddesi, Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 7\u2019nci […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":329,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"Serap Helvac\u0131, Murat Topuz, Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00d6zdeyi\u015flerle Hukukun Kadim \u0130lkeleri (\u015eerhli-\u0130\u00e7tihatl\u0131), 3. Bask\u0131, Ankara: Se\u00e7kin Y., 2025, s. 317.<\/span>\",\"id\":\"bd1591e7-874b-4c09-a69b-c4647264788a\"},{\"content\":\"\u00dcmit Kocasakal, \u201cOrganize Su\u00e7lulu\u011fun Tan\u0131m\u0131, \u00d6zellikleri ve Kapsam\u0131\u201d, Galatasaray \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, 1\/1, 2002, s. 130.\",\"id\":\"885a90f4-c9e3-4d6d-88a9-5283aa5d8c32\"},{\"content\":\"\u0130zzet \u00d6zgen\u00e7, Su\u00e7 \u00d6rg\u00fctleri, Ankara: Se\u00e7kin Y., 2022, s. 11.<\/span>\",\"id\":\"e3876516-add6-4299-aa26-48d3bdf073e9\"},{\"content\":\"M. Emin Artuk, Ahmet G\u00f6kcen, M. Emin Al\u015fahin, Kerim \u00c7ak\u0131r, Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, Ankara: Adalet Y., 15. Bas\u0131, 2021, s. 490.<\/span>\",\"id\":\"cceadae7-62eb-4bbc-8f13-17f06266b475\"},{\"content\":\"Markus Dubber, \u201cTheories of Crime and Punishment in German Criminal Law\u201d, American Journal of Comparative Law, 53\/3, 2006, s. 682.<\/span>\",\"id\":\"9f5e211d-9291-4afb-b09f-82f1aaca9d97\"},{\"content\":\"Bil\u00e2l K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7, Ter\u00f6rizmin Finansman\u0131 Su\u00e7u ve Malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 De\u011ferlerinin Dondurulmas\u0131, Ankara: Adalet Y., 2025, s. 74.<\/span>\",\"id\":\"07e83338-f7b2-4b7d-82fa-d67a51bcfea8\"},{\"content\":\"Faruk Y. Turinay, Ceza Hukukunda Ter\u00f6r Amac\u0131yla \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme Su\u00e7u, Ankara: Se\u00e7kin Y., 2019, s. 54.<\/span>\",\"id\":\"d0e41ec9-d203-46f0-acb1-cc66c276ecbb\"},{\"content\":\"Burak Boz, \u201cT\u00fcrk Ceza Hukukunda Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcne \u00dcye Olma Su\u00e7u\u201d, Ankara Sosyal Bilimler \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, 2\/1, 2020, s. 150.<\/span>\",\"id\":\"76cc3cb6-3244-4095-b440-b27cb54c5131\"}]"},"categories":[76],"tags":[63],"issue":[75],"class_list":["post-378","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-202608_1","tag-bilal-kilinc","issue-agustos-2026"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/378","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/42"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=378"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/378\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":379,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/378\/revisions\/379"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=378"},{"taxonomy":"issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fissue&post=378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}2- Su\u00e7 Kavram\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
3- \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc Su\u00e7lar-Ter\u00f6r Su\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
4- Soru\u015fturma ve Kovu\u015fturma Usulleri Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan De\u011ferlendirme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
5- Cezan\u0131n \u0130nfaz\u0131 Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan De\u011ferlendirme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
6- Sonu\u00e7 ve De\u011ferlendirme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Kitaplar ve Makaleler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Mevzuat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Uluslararas\u0131 Belgeler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n