{"id":131,"date":"2026-04-01T06:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T03:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/?p=131"},"modified":"2026-04-01T11:09:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T08:09:27","slug":"istanbul-2-nolu-barosu-yeni-anayasa-turkiye-icin-ne-anlam-ifade-ediyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/?p=131","title":{"rendered":"Yeni Anayasa T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u00e7in Ne Anlam \u0130fade Ediyor?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Av. Yasin \u015eAMLI<\/strong> \/ \u0130stanbul 2 Nolu Barosu Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yeni veya sivil anayasa tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00fcncelli\u011fini koruyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar niteli\u011fi itibariyle de \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fcr\u00fcyor. S\u00fcrecin zorlu ge\u00e7ece\u011fi \u015f\u00fcphesizdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc e\u011fer s\u00fcre\u00e7 tamamlan\u0131r da yeni bir anayasa haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve kabul edilir ise bu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir ilk olacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti anayasalar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc zamanlarda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f anayasalard\u0131r. \u015eu anda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan anayasa gibi baz\u0131lar\u0131 da darbe \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc anayasalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc zamanlar\u0131n veya darbe \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan anayasalar\u0131n me\u015fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. Demokrasilerde devlet erkleri, millet ad\u0131na kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Demokrasi noktas\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda anayasan\u0131n millet iradesine dayanmamas\u0131 me\u015fru olmamas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Darbe \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan anayasalar;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Birinci olarak haz\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f\u0131 itibariyle gayr\u0131 me\u015frudurlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yeni bir anayasa haz\u0131rlama d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi millet iradesinden kaynaklanmamakta, bu s\u00fcreci darbeciler ba\u015flatmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130kinci olarak haz\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f\u0131 itibariyle gayr\u0131 me\u015frudur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc milletin her kesiminin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131nmadan haz\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak halkoyuna sunulu\u015fu itibariyle gayr\u0131 me\u015frudur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc oylama bask\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca darbe d\u00f6nemlerinde yap\u0131lan oylamada, halk\u0131n, oyuna sunulan anayasaya m\u0131, yoksa darbe d\u00f6neminin sona ermesine mi evet dedi\u011fini birbirinden ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Zira e\u011fer yeni anayasa kabul edilmez ise serbest se\u00e7imler olmayacak ve darbeciler iktidarda kalmaya devam edecektir. Bu bak\u0131mdan, s\u0131rf darbecilerin iktidar\u0131 b\u0131rakmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bile anayasaya evet oyu verilmi\u015f olabilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak yine demokrasi nokta-i nazar\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu anayasalar i\u00e7eri\u011fi itibariyle de milletin iradesine dayal\u0131 olmad\u0131klar\u0131ndan gayr\u0131 me\u015frudur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu k\u0131staslar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hem 1961, hem de 1982 anayasalar\u0131 me\u015fru de\u011fildir. Demek ki esas itibariyle T\u00fcrkiye en az\u0131ndan 66 y\u0131ld\u0131r gayr\u0131 me\u015fru anayasalar ile idare edilmektedir. Di\u011fer bir ifade ile bu kadar y\u0131ld\u0131r halk\u0131n iradesine dayanmayan tam aksine egemenli\u011fi milletten alarak vesayet odaklar\u0131na veren bu anayasalar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 krizlerle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Haf\u0131zalarda tazeli\u011fini koruyan; cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7iminde ya\u015fanan \u201c367 krizi\u201d, \u00fcniversitelerde ya\u015fanan \u201cba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d, \u201cyarg\u0131n\u0131n brifinglenmesi krizi\u201d, \u201cyarg\u0131n\u0131n iki ba\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d \u201ckamu kurumlar\u0131nda gizli, kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7etelerin olu\u015fmas\u0131\u201d darbe \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bu anayasalar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ya\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 krizlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Milletin iradesini bask\u0131 alt\u0131na alan, korumas\u0131 gereken hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri k\u0131s\u0131tlayan, darbe \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc anayasan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalmaya devam etmi\u015fi milletimize yak\u0131\u015fmamaktad\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yeni anayasa yap\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde, anayasa yapma amac\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki siyasi irade \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bundan daha \u00f6nemlisi ise bu talebin millete mal edilmesidir. Millet, hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alacak, devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi hizmetine sunacak bir anayasay\u0131 talep etmeli ve bunun kanunla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n takip\u00e7isi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu irade ortaya konuldu\u011funda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk defa anayasay\u0131 darbecilerin de\u011fil, halk\u0131n (temsilcileri eliyle) yapabilece\u011fi ortaya konmu\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcrecin b\u00f6yle tarihi bir \u00f6nemi de vard\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00fck\u00fcmetin ve TBMM\u2019nin bu s\u00fcre\u00e7teki en b\u00fcy\u00fck amac\u0131, haz\u0131rlanacak tasla\u011f\u0131 halka iyi tan\u0131t\u0131p ve benimsetmek olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Halk, bu taslak (veya anayasa) benim diyebilmelidir. Zorlu s\u00fcrecin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc milletin yo\u011fun talepleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda vesayet odaklar\u0131n\u0131n durmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Kurucu Meclis Tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Yeni anayasa yapma s\u00fcrecinde ya\u015fanan tart\u0131\u015fmalardan biri de yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n anayasa yapamayaca\u011f\u0131, bunu kurucu bir meclisin yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle ifade etmek gerekir ki yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n anayasa yapamayaca\u011f\u0131 fikrinin hi\u00e7bir hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de anayasac\u0131l\u0131k anlam\u0131nda kurucu meclis tabiri ilk defa 1960 darbesinden sonra ortaya at\u0131lan bir kavramd\u0131r. Darbeciler o d\u00f6nemde ihdas ettikleri ve ad\u0131na y\u00fcksek adalet divan\u0131 dedikleri ger\u00e7ekte ise kendi emir ve talimatlar\u0131n\u0131 bekleyen emir erlerine \u00fclkenin ba\u015fbakan\u0131n\u0131 ve bakanlar\u0131n\u0131 idam ettirdikten sonra, ilga ettikleri 1924 anayasas\u0131n\u0131n yerine bir anayasa yapmak \u00fczere kurucu meclis kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ad\u0131na kurucu meclis denilen bu meclisin en \u00f6nemli par\u00e7as\u0131 ve fiili denetim makam\u0131 darbeyi yapan Milli Birlik Komitesidir. \u00dcstelik kurucu meclis denilen bu meclis i\u00e7inde 10 y\u0131l boyunca h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurma \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu elde eden DP temsilcileri yoktur. De\u011fi\u015fik bir ifade ile halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bu kurucu meclisin i\u00e7inde yer alm\u0131yordu. Hatta yer almas\u0131 yasakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1961 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak \u00fczere olu\u015fturulmu\u015f olan kurucu meclis iki gruptan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Birincisi, darbeyi yapan subaylardan olu\u015fan milli birlik komitesi, di\u011feri ise temsilciler meclisidir. \u201cTemsilciler Meclisi halk taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmemi\u015f, birtak\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131n, i\u00e7lerinden se\u00e7ip g\u00f6nderdikleri temsilcilerden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu Meclis 6 Ocak 1961 tarihinde Ankara&#8217;da toplanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Meclisin i\u00e7erisinden se\u00e7ilen bir Anayasa Komisyonu, Anayasa tasar\u0131s\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f ve bu tasar\u0131, Temsilciler Meclisinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada kabul edilen tasar\u0131 Mill\u00ee Birlik Komitesi&#8217;ne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f, fakat Temsilciler Meclisi&#8217;nin kabul etti\u011fi tasar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok maddeleri, Mill\u00ee Birlik Komitesi taraf\u0131ndan reddedilerek, tasar\u0131 geri yollanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d<sup data-fn=\"aca3f245-a5ce-4574-a33f-2cd7279001dd\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#aca3f245-a5ce-4574-a33f-2cd7279001dd\" id=\"aca3f245-a5ce-4574-a33f-2cd7279001dd-link\">1<\/a><\/sup> Sonu\u00e7 itibariyle kurucu meclis ad\u0131 verilen bu meclisin halk\u0131n iradesini yans\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek asla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu tarihi tecr\u00fcbeden hareket edecek olursak; \u015fu sorular akla gelmektedir. Bug\u00fcn kurucu mecliste \u0131srar edenlerin as\u0131l ama\u00e7lar\u0131 bir darbeci komite midir? Yoksa ger\u00e7ekten millet taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilen bir kurucu meclis mi istemektedirler? E\u011fer ger\u00e7ekten halk\u0131n se\u00e7ece\u011fi bir kurucu meclis istiyorlar ise parlamento da se\u00e7imle olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r?&nbsp; Burada \u015f\u00f6yle bir itiraz ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Bu meclis anayasa yapmak \u00fczere se\u00e7ilmemi\u015ftir. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir aldatmacad\u0131r. \u0130ki kelime \u00fczerinde polemik yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu kelimeler \u201cde\u011fi\u015ftirme\u201d ve \u201cyapma\u201d kelimeleridir. Denilmektedir ki bu parlamento anayasada de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapabilir ama yeni bir anayasa yapamaz. Peki, bu meclis, tamam\u0131 177 madde olan bu anayasan\u0131n 177 maddesinin hepsini de\u011fi\u015ftirirse ne olacakt\u0131r? Yeni bir anayasa yapm\u0131\u015f olmayacak m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kurucu meclis talebinde bulunanlar\u0131n ciddi \u00e7eli\u015fkilerinden birisi de \u015fudur. Anayasa yapmak i\u00e7in kurucu meclis kurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade edenler aksi uygulaman\u0131n yeni bir devlet kurmak oldu\u011funu iddia etmektedirler. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m ile de m\u00fcesses d\u00fczene s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedirler. H\u00e2lbuki kurucu meclis d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan anayasaya da ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Mevcut anayasa veya hi\u00e7bir pozitif hukuk normu kurucu meclis \u00f6ng\u00f6rmemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kanaatimize g\u00f6re kurucu meclis fikrini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrenler iki ama\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131rlar. Birincisi bu s\u00fcreci olabildi\u011fince uzatarak anayasa yapma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemektir. \u0130kincisi; s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00f6nlenemez ise m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kendi ideolojileri do\u011frultusunda bir kurucu meclis olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. Anacak unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki bir kurucu meclis olu\u015fturulsa dahi, bu meclisin se\u00e7im \u015fekline, olu\u015fturulma bi\u00e7imine, en \u00e7ok itiraz edenler de yine kurucu meclis talep edenler olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk pozitif hukukunun kurucu meclis \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fi bir yana buna m\u00e2ni oldu\u011fu da \u00e7ok rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6ylenebilir. Zira Mevcut anayasan\u0131n 6. Maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131 \u201c<strong><em>Egemenli\u011fin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, hi\u00e7bir surette hi\u00e7bir ki\u015fiye, z\u00fcmreye veya s\u0131n\u0131fa b\u0131rak\u0131lamaz. Hi\u00e7bir kimse veya organ kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Anayasadan almayan bir Devlet yetkisi kullanamaz<\/em><\/strong>\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc, 7. Maddesi ise \u201c<strong><em>Yasama yetkisi T\u00fcrk Milleti ad\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinindir. Bu yetki devredilemez<\/em><\/strong>\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc muhtevidir. 1982 anayasas\u0131n\u0131 ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun sahiplenenlerin bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ra\u011fmen kurucu meclis istemeleri izah\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan bir \u00e7eli\u015fkidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Anayasa Haz\u0131rlama S\u00fcrecinde Dikkat Edilmesi Gereken Baz\u0131 Hususlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Haz\u0131rlanacak tasar\u0131da \u00f6ncelikle ideal bir anayasa hedeflenmelidir. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00fclke anayasalar\u0131 incelenmeli, onlardan daha iyi, hatta onlara da \u00f6rnek olabilecek bir anayasa yapmak hedeflenmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Japon anayasas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u201c<strong><em>Biz, Japon halk\u0131, Ulusal Meclis\u2019de se\u00e7ilmi\u015f temsilcilerimizle hareket ederek, kendimizi ve b\u00fct\u00fcn uluslarla huzurlu bir i\u015f birli\u011finin meyveleri olan gelecek nesillerimizi ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bu topraklar \u00fczerinde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 belirtiriz ve \u2026 bu anayasay\u0131 kararl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kurar\u0131z. &#8230; Bununla beraber, anla\u015fmazl\u0131k durumunda, b\u00fct\u00fcn anayasa, kanunlar, kurallar ve kararnameleri reddeder ve iptal ederiz<\/em><\/strong>\u201d \u015feklinde ifadesini bulan millet iradesine vurgu bir tecr\u00fcbe olarak dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u0130svi\u00e7re anayasas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndaki sorumluluk bilinci \u00fczerinde derinlemesine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek bu sorumlulu\u011fun i\u00e7eri\u011fe yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6ntemleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anayasa yapma s\u00fcrecinde hedef, demokratik bat\u0131 devletlerinin anayasalar\u0131na ula\u015fmak de\u011fil, onlar\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kmak olmal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn anayasalar incelenip her birinden yararlan\u0131lmal\u0131 ama onlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemeli, ufuk daha geni\u015f tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rnek olabilecek bir anayasa yapmak hedeflenmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u015fartlar\u0131 itibariyle tasar\u0131y\u0131 haz\u0131rlayacak olanlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck engeli \u201c<em>\u0130deal bir anayasa baz\u0131 kuramlar\u0131n itiraz\u0131na sebep olur\u201d, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye \u015fartlar\u0131nda uygulanabilir bir anayasa olsun<\/em>\u201d, \u201c<em>acaba birileri bu h\u00fckme nas\u0131l bakar<\/em>\u201d bask\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bu bask\u0131lar\u0131n ve bask\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n y\u0131llarca \u00fclkenin ufkunu karartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir vak\u0131ad\u0131r. Benzer endi\u015feler ile yine bask\u0131c\u0131 bir anayasa haz\u0131rlan\u0131r da halk oylamas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7irilir ise ayr\u0131 bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 olu\u015facakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu defa bask\u0131c\u0131 ama ele\u015ftirilmesi daha zor bir anayasa ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anayasa tasla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri mutlaka al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve talepler metne yans\u0131t\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 derken kanunla kurulmu\u015f ve \u00fcye olunmas\u0131 kanuni zorunluluk olan kurumlar\u0131 kastetmiyoruz. Tabii ki bu kurumlar\u0131n da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck esas\u0131na g\u00f6re bizzat halk\u0131n kurdu\u011fu ve fedak\u00e2rl\u0131kla devam ettirdikleri ger\u00e7ek sivil toplum kurulu\u015fu olan vak\u0131f ve derneklerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri mutlaka al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:18px\">\u0130\u00e7erik A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Yeni Anayasa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hak ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck temeline dayal\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>: Yeni anayasahak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck temeline dayal\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong>&nbsp; <\/strong>Ulus\u00e7uluk, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, gibi ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, bir k\u0131s\u0131m vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6tekile\u015ftirici karakter ta\u015f\u0131mamal\u0131d\u0131r. Devleti kutsayan, vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131 veya vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini, inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, ideolojilerini kendisi i\u00e7in tehlike g\u00f6ren anlay\u0131\u015f terk edilmelidir.&nbsp; Devleti vatanda\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 koruyan de\u011fil, vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131 korumakla g\u00f6revli olan bir devlet anlay\u0131\u015fla haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yeni anayasa ile halk\u0131na h\u00fckmeden de\u011fil, hizmet eden devlet tesis edilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hak ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri G\u00fcvence Alt\u0131na Almal\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>: Anayasac\u0131l\u0131k tarihine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, anaya fikrinin, insan hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini devlete ve devlet kurumlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korumak \u00fczere ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Darbe anayasalar\u0131nda ise bunun tersine bir anlay\u0131\u015f vard\u0131r. Ki\u015fi hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini de\u011fil vesayet odaklar\u0131n\u0131 korurlar. Yeni anayasan\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda devletin kurucu unsuru olan milletin huzur, mutluluk ve refah\u0131 esas al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Devlet Kurumlar\u0131na Millet \u0130radesini H\u00e2kim K\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>: \u00d6ncelikle Yasama, Y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve Yarg\u0131 olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn devlet kurumlar\u0131nda halk\u0131n iradesini h\u00e2kim k\u0131lacak h\u00fck\u00fcmlere yer verilmelidir. T\u00fcrk anayasac\u0131l\u0131k tarihine bak\u0131l\u0131nca egemenli\u011fin kademe kademe halktan al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bilindi\u011fi gibi 1921 Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Esasiye Kanununun hemen 1. maddesi \u201c<strong><em>H\u00e2kimiyet bil\u00e2 kayd\u00fc \u015fart milletindir. \u0130dare usul\u00fc halk\u0131n mukadderat\u0131n\u0131 bizzat ve bilfiil idare etmesi esas\u0131na m\u00fcstenittir<\/em><\/strong>.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc amirdir. Birinci c\u00fcmlede egemenli\u011fin kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z millete ait oldu\u011fu ifade edilmekte ikinci c\u00fcmlede ise bu yakla\u015f\u0131m tahkim edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1924 Anayasas\u0131nda egemenli\u011fin millete ait oldu\u011fu ilkesi 3. maddeye gerilemi\u015ftir. 1924 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n 3. Maddesi \u201c<strong><em>Egemenlik kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z Milletindir<\/em><\/strong>.\u201d \u015eeklindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1961 Anayasas\u0131nda 4. maddeye gerileyen ve s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lan millet egemenli\u011fi \u015fu \u015fekilde ifade edilmi\u015ftir. \u201c<strong><em>Egemenlik kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z T\u00fcrk Milletinindir. Millet, egemenli\u011fini, Anayasan\u0131n koydu\u011fu esaslara g\u00f6re, yetkili organlar eliyle kullan\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong>\u201d 1961 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayanlar bu h\u00fck\u00fcm ile egemenli\u011fin millet taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fik bir ifade ile egemenli\u011fin en az\u0131ndan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 vesayet odaklar\u0131na verilmi\u015ftir. Bu kurumlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda 1961 anayasas\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk defa ihdas edilen Anayasa Mahkemesi gelmektedir. Anayasa Mahkemesi parti kapatarak hatta iktidar partisi kapatarak vesayet kurumu fonksiyonunu icra etmi\u015ftir. Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yap\u0131l\u0131p, bireysel ba\u015fvurulara bakma g\u00f6revi verilerek anayasa mahkemesi vesayet oda\u011f\u0131 olma durumundan kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yeni anayasada darbe su\u00e7u d\u00fczenlenerek anayasal bir su\u00e7 haline getirilmelidir. Yeni ve sivil bir anayasa haz\u0131rlan\u0131p, milletin oyuna sunulup y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir ilk olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan moral bir anlam da ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-footnotes has-small-font-size\"><li id=\"aca3f245-a5ce-4574-a33f-2cd7279001dd\">Prof. Dr. Ya\u015far G\u00dcRB\u00dcZ \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Anayasalar ve Yeni (1982) Anayasa\u201d G\u00f6ztepe, 2 Haziran 1982 Anayasa G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler Taslak; s: 3-26 <a href=\"#aca3f245-a5ce-4574-a33f-2cd7279001dd-link\" aria-label=\"Dipnot ba\u015fvurusuna atla 1\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Av. Yasin \u015eAMLI \/ \u0130stanbul 2 Nolu Barosu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Yeni veya sivil anayasa tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00fcncelli\u011fini koruyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar niteli\u011fi itibariyle de \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fcr\u00fcyor. S\u00fcrecin zorlu ge\u00e7ece\u011fi \u015f\u00fcphesizdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc e\u011fer s\u00fcre\u00e7 tamamlan\u0131r da yeni bir anayasa haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve kabul edilir ise bu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir ilk olacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti anayasalar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc zamanlarda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f anayasalard\u0131r. \u015eu anda [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":223,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"Prof. Dr. Ya\u015far G\u00dcRB\u00dcZ \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Anayasalar ve Yeni (1982) Anayasa\u201d G\u00f6ztepe, 2 Haziran 1982 Anayasa G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler Taslak; s: 3-26\",\"id\":\"aca3f245-a5ce-4574-a33f-2cd7279001dd\"}]"},"categories":[2],"tags":[12,13],"issue":[3],"class_list":["post-131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-202604_1","tag-istanbul-2-nolu-barosu","tag-yasin-samli","issue-nisan-2026"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=131"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":261,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131\/revisions\/261"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=131"},{"taxonomy":"issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ozgurcedergi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fissue&post=131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}